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1.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 88: e00592020, 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1357869

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (TB) by molecular techniques has been broadly studied. These methods allow accelerating the diagnosis, in addition to presenting high specificity and sensitivity in the identification of the pathogen, critical characteristic for public health, especially when it comes to the direct diagnosis of the biologic samples, which has been little explored. This paper has evaluated a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) as a tool to diagnose TB, which was performed directly on the granulomatous material of suspicious lesions collected in a cold chamber under state inspection in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Of the 74 samples evaluated, 14.86% were positive, with 10.81% positive for mPCR and culture, 4.05% negative for cultivation and positive for mPCR. The correlation between the cultivation and the mPCR presented agreeance higher than 61.54% of the cases. The results have indicated that the protocol proved itself effective, fast and very promising in the surveillance in slaughterhouses for the diagnosis of tuberculosis directly from the granuloma.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Diagnosis , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Mycobacterium , Abattoirs , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Granuloma , Noxae
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(1): 1-8, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1088931

ABSTRACT

Bovine tuberculosis is a worldwide spread zoonotic disease. Intradermal tuberculinizations are the most used diagnostic tests in the world. Serological tests can be an ancillary diagnosis for bovine tuberculosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the ELISA Mycobacterium Bovis Antibody Test Kit IDEXX ™ in infected herds, which were in different disease control stages. One hundred and twenty animals from two dairy herds of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, were subjected to the ELISA serological test and the comparative cervical tuberculin test (CCT). Diagnostic test parameters were estimated using Bayesian latent class models and concordance between tests estimated by the frequentist approach. The ELISA test presented lower sensitivity than CCT in both herds. Its sensitivity was higher in the herd in sanitation process. Specificity estimates were above 95% in both herds. Kappa index indicated low concordance or even disagreement between tests. According to the results, the ELISA IDEXX should not be used as substitution for CCT. The tests must not be associated in series. Parallel association increased diagnostic sensitivity in the herd which was in the process of sanitation.(AU)


A tuberculose bovina é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial cujos testes mais utilizados para o diagnóstico são as tuberculinizações intradérmicas, simples e compartivas. Contudo, testes sorológicos podem constituir diagnósticos auxiliares. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho diagnóstico do teste ELISA Mycobacterium Bovis Antibody Test Kit IDEXX ® em rebanhos bovinos infectados, que se encontravam em diferentes estágios de controle da doença. Cento e vinte animais de dois rebanhos leiteiros provenientes do estado de Minas Geais-Brasil foram submetidos ao ELISA e à tuberculinização cervical compartiva (TCC). Avaliou-se o desempenho dos testes por meio de modelos Bayesianos de classe latente e a concordância entre os eles, por meio de estatística frequentista. Uma maior sensibilidade do teste foi observada no rebanho previamente tuberculinizado. Em ambos os rebanhos o TCC foi mais sensível que o ELISA. Especificidade acima de 95% foi encontrada em ambos os rebanhos. Foram observadas baixa concordância ou mesmo discordância entre os testes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o teste ELISA-IDEXX não deve ser utilizado em substituição à TCC, tampouco devem ser associados em série. Houve aumento da sensibilidade quando os testes foram associados em paralelo no rebanho que já se encontrava em processo de saneamento.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Diagnostic Test Approval
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(1): 12-16, Jan. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1091659

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is a chronic anthropozoonosis of worldwide occurrence, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its variants. In Brazil, the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis in cattle, is responsible for diagnosing and the correctly allocate positive animals, but there is still a lack of definitive diagnosis of the disease. This study described the use of five diagnostic tools that can be used, preferably together, for the confirmation of suspected cases. These tools included the clinical examination comparative cervical tuberculin test, macroscopic findings during the slaughtering and histopathology of the damaged tissues followed by histochemistry. We evaluated a total of 211 dairy cattle, where 15.1% (32/211) had classic clinical signs of bovine tuberculosis, 74 (35%) showed reactivity in the comparative cervical tuberculin test. Of the total number of animals, 141 (66.8%) were referred for sanitary slaughter due to legal and control issues in the outbreaks of the disease. In the follow-up of slaughtering and inspection of viscera and carcasses, 74 (52.5%) had macroscopic lesions compatible with bovine tuberculosis, while 67 (47.5%) showed no visible changes. During the inspection, fragments of lymph nodes and liver and lung parenchyma were collected from five cattle with macroscopic lesions and five with no lesions. The histopathological analysis showed numerous areas of caseous necrosis with or without central calcification and granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate. In the special staining of Ziehl-Neelsen, numerous acid-fast bacilli were evidenced in all cases.(AU)


A tuberculose é uma antropozoonose crônica de ocorrência mundial, causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis e suas variantes. No Brasil existe o Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose em bovinos que viabiliza o diagnóstico e a destinação correta dos animais positivos, porém ainda há carência quanto ao diagnóstico da doença. Assim, este trabalho descreve a utilização de cinco ferramentas diagnósticas para a confirmação de casos suspeitos de tuberculose. As ferramentas utilizadas compreenderam o exame clínico, teste tuberculínico cervical comparativo, os achados macroscópicos durante o abate sanitário e a histopatologia dos tecidos lesados seguido de histoquímica. O estudo avaliou um total de 211 bovinos leiteiros, dos quais 15,1% (32/211) apresentaram sinais clínicos clássicos de tuberculose bovina, 35,1% (74/211) apresentaram reatividade no teste tuberculínico cervical comparativo, e 143 animais (67,8%) foram encaminhados para abate sanitário devido a questões legais e de controle nos focos da doença. No acompanhamento do abate e inspeção sanitária de vísceras e carcaças verificou-se que 51,8% (74/143) dos bovinos abatidos apresentavam lesões macroscópicas compatíveis com tuberculose bovina, enquanto 48,2% (69/143) não apresentavam alterações visíveis. Durante a inspeção foram coletados fragmentos de linfonodos e parênquima de fígado e pulmão de cinco bovinos com lesões macroscópicas e de cinco sem lesões, que na análise histopatológica apresentaram numerosas áreas de necrose caseosa com ou sem calcificação central e infiltrado inflamatório granulomatoso. Na coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen foram evidenciados numerosos bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes em todos os casos. Assim, diante dos resultados obtidos verifica-se que as análises empregadas no presente estudo foram de extrema importância para o diagnóstico acurado de tuberculose em bovinos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Bovine/pathology , Tuberculosis, Bovine/epidemiology , Tuberculin Test/veterinary
4.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 2631-2635, abr.-maio 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482275

ABSTRACT

Este estudo descreve o emprego de quatro métodos diagnósticos para a confirmação de casos de tuberculose em bovinos. Para tanto foram avaliados 211 bovinos leiteiros, dos quais 35,1% apresentaram reatividade no teste tuberculínico cervical comparativo, e 143 animais foram encaminhados para abate sanitário. No acompanhamento do abate e inspeção sanitária verificou-se que 51,8% dos bovinos apresentavam lesões visíveis compatíveis com tuberculose. Também foram coletados fragmentos teciduais de bovinos com e sem lesões macroscópicas, os quais na análise histológica apresentaram numerosas áreas de necrose caseosa e áreas de calcificação, e na coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen apresentaram bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes. Assim, as análises empregadas no estudo se mostraram importantes para o diagnóstico acurado de tuberculose bovina, além de alertar para o risco de saúde pública que pessoas que trabalham nos abatedouros e/ou em contato direto com bovinos doentes estão submetidas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Mycobacterium bovis/pathogenicity , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis
5.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(2): 329-335, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889221

ABSTRACT

Abstract Tuberculosis is a serious disease of humans and animals, caused by bacteria of the Mycobacterium genus. This leads to complications in the life of the sick person, and subsequently to death. The cattle, who have been diagnosed with this bacterium, are usually sent to the slaughter, with the result that their livestock is reduced. Mycobacteriosis is also a disease, after determining which cattle are most often sent to slaughter. Such a reduction in livestock numbers has a negative effect on the economy. Of the 300 samples from the animals, 25 cultures of atypical bacteria responding to tuberculin were isolated. A series of tests - intravenous tuberculin test, ophthalmic test, palpebral test, "ZhAT" test, showed that most of the tuberculosis changes in cattle were found in regional lymph nodes more often than in internal organs. In healthy for tuberculosis cows, at the age of 4-9 years, seasonal nonspecific sensitivity to tuberculin is observed. Implementation of the developed express method of glutaraldehyde test on farms in healthy tuberculosis will speed up the diagnosis of tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis in animals that reacted to tuberculin and will exclude short-term nonspecific sensitization of their organism to tuberculin. The introduction of this methodology can be used to diagnose and clearly differentiate the diagnoses of "tuberculosis" and "mycobacteriosis" in cattle. This will cure part of the livestock and reduce the amount of slaughter.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculin Test/methods
6.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 85: e0652016, 2018. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-980410

ABSTRACT

Our goal for this article is to compare several different diagnosis tests for bovine tuberculosis identification. We have performed bacterial isolation, histopathological characterization, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) identification and M. bovis DNA detection. Lesions suggestive of Tuberculosis were sampled from bovine lymph nodes during slaughtering of bovines at an abattoir that operates under federal inspection. The bacterial isolation was performed in solid culture mediums, the histopathological characterization was made by Hematoxylin-eosinstaining, and AFB identification by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Bacterial DNA detection was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using DNA from two different sources, directly collected from the tuberculosis-like lesions (PCR followed by nested PCR) and from isolated bacteria. We have concluded that the multi-step approach, including histopathological characterization, bacterial isolation and AFB identification, is strongly recommended to diagnose tuberculosis in bovines. Furthermore, PCR assays using specimens of lesions suggestive of tuberculosis are a faster and more promising way to diagnose the disease. However, it should not be used alone due to the low sensitivity shown in this study.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi a comparação entre diferentes testes de diagnóstico para tuberculose bovina. Foram realizados o isolamento bacteriano, a caracterização histopatológica, a identificação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes e a detecção do DNA de M. bovis pela reação em cadeia da polimerase, em bovinos adultos abatidos em matadouros frigoríficos sob o Serviço de Inspeção Federal, valendo-se de amostras de linfonodos com lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de tuberculose, identificadas e coletadas durante o abate. O isolamento bacteriano foi realizado pelo cultivo em meios de cultura sólidos; a caracterização histopatológica, pela coloração com hematoxilina-eosina; e a identificação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes foi feita pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. A detecção de DNA foi realizada em amostra extraída das lesões sugestivas de tuberculose pela reação em cadeia da polimerase, seguida da nested reação em cadeia da polimerase e por meio das colônias isoladas para identificação do M. bovis, utilizando-se também da reação em cadeia da polimerase . Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os testes histopatológicos, o isolamento bacteriano e a identificação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes são aconselháveis para o diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina. Além disso, ensaios de reação em cadeia da polimerase utilizando amostras de lesões sugestivas de tuberculose são um modo mais rápido e promissor para diagnosticar a enfermidade, no entanto não deve ser utilizado sozinho, em virtude da baixa sensibilidade apresentada neste estudo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Mycobacterium bovis , Food Inspection , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
7.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(12): 1380-1384, dez. 2017. tab, mapas
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895400

ABSTRACT

According to the Brazilian National Program for the Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT), the routine tests for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in the country are the simple intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), the caudal fold test and the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT). The latter is also used as a confirmatory test. A group of 53 animals from three dairy herds in a focal area for bovine tuberculosis, that were submitted to depopulation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, were submitted to the CITT. Tissues were cultured and the resulting colonies were confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Among the 53 animals analyzed using the CITT, 32 (60.4%) were negative, 14 (26.4%) were positive and seven (13.2%) results were inconclusive. The CITT detected 11 of the 39 animals with culture-confirmed M. bovis infection as positive. Among the total of 14 uninfected animals based on cultures, the CBT detected eight as negative. Thus, the CITT demonstrated sensitivity of 28.2% and specificity of 57.1% for the population sampled. A total of 24/32 (75.0%) of the animals with negative CITT results were culture positive (confirmed by PCR) and were considered false negatives based on the CITT. The maintenance of these false-negative animals in herds has serious implications for the control of the disease, since they can be a source of infection. The addition of complementary tests could help identify such animals and increase the odds of diagnostic success.(AU)


No Brasil, segundo o Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose Animal (PNCEBT), do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), os testes de rotina para o diagnóstico de tuberculose bovina são o teste cervical simples (TCC), o teste da prega caudal (TPC) e o teste cervical comparativo (TCC), sendo que o último também é utilizado como teste confirmatório. Um grupo de 53 animais oriundos de três rebanhos leiteiros de área de foco para tuberculose bovina que foram submetidos a vazio sanitário no Rio Grande do Sul foi submetido ao TCC. Os tecidos destes animais foram cultivados e as colônias resultantes confirmadas por PCR e sequenciamento de DNA. Dos 53 animais analisados no TCC, 32 (60,4%) foram negativos, 14 (26,4%) positivos e sete (13,2%) inconclusivos, com base no PNCEBT. O TCC detectou como positivos 11 dos 39 animais com infecção por M. bovis confirmada por cultivo. Do total de 14 animais não infectados, baseado na cultura, o TCC detectou oito como negativos. Assim, o TCC apresentou, para a população amostrada, sensibilidade de 28,2% e especificidade de 57,1%. Um total de 24/32 (75,0%) dos animais negativos ao TCC foi positivo no cultivo (confirmado por PCR), sendo considerados falso-negativos ao TCC. A manutenção destes animais falso-negativos nos rebanhos tem sérias implicações para o controle da enfermidade, já que os mesmos podem ser fonte de infecção. A adição de testes complementares poderia auxiliar na identificação destes animais, aumentando a cobertura diagnóstica.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Scapula , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , False Negative Reactions , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Neck , Bacteriological Techniques
8.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(6): 549-554, jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895457

ABSTRACT

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonosis causing economic losses and public health risks in many countries. The disease diagnosis in live animals is performed by intradermal tuberculin test, which is based on delayed hypersensitivity reactions. As tuberculosis has complex immune response, this test has limitations in sensitivity and specificity. This study sought to test an alternative approach for in vivo diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA samples, extracted from nasal swabs of live cows, were used for SYBR® Green real-time PCR, which is able to differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complexes. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the results of tuberculin test, the in vivo gold standard bTB diagnosis method, with real-time PCR, thereby determining the specificity and sensitivity of molecular method. Cervical comparative test (CCT) was performed in 238 animals, of which 193 had suitable DNA from nasal swabs for molecular analysis, as indicated by amplification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, and were included in the study. In total, 25 (10.5%) of the animals were CCT reactive, of which none was positive in the molecular test. Of the 168 CCT negative animals, four were positive for M. tuberculosis complex at real time PCR from nasal swabs. The comparison of these results generated values of sensitivity and specificity of 0% and 97.6%, respectively; moreover, low coefficients of agreement and correlation (-0.029 and -0.049, respectively) between the results obtained with both tests were also observed. This study showed that real-time PCR from nasal swabs is not suitable for in vivo diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis; thus tuberculin skin test is still the best option for this purpose.(AU)


A tuberculose bovina (bTB) é uma zoonose que causa perdas econômicas e riscos à saúde pública em muitos países. O diagnóstico da doença em animais vivos é realizado pelo teste intradérmico da tuberculina, que é baseado em reações de hipersensibilidade tardia. Como a tuberculose tem resposta imunológica complexa, este teste tem limitações em termos de sensibilidade e especificidade. Este estudo procurou desenvolver uma abordagem alternativa para o diagnóstico in vivo da tuberculose bovina, com base na reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real. As amostras de DNA, extraídas de suabes nasais de vacas vivas, foram usadas para PCR em tempo real com SYBR® Green, capaz de diferenciar os complexos Mycobacterium tuberculosis e Mycobacterium avium. A análise estatística foi realizada para comparar os resultados de teste de tuberculina, padrão ouro para o diagnóstico in vivo da bTB, com PCR em tempo real, determinando-se assim a especificidade e sensibilidade do método molecular. O teste cervical comparativo (TCC) foi realizado em 238 animais, dos quais 193 tiveram DNA dos suabes nasais adequados para análise molecular, como indicado pela amplificação do gene gliceraldeído-3-fosfato-desidrogenase (GAPDH), e foram incluídos no estudo. No total, 25 (10,5%) animais foram reativos no TCC, dos quais nenhum foi positivo no teste molecular. Dos 168 animais negativos no TCC, quatro foram positivos para o complexo M. tuberculosis na PCR em tempo real a partir dos suabes nasais. A comparação destes resultados gerou valores de sensibilidade e especificidade de 0% e 97,6%, respectivamente; além disso, baixos coeficientes de concordância e correlação (-0,029 e -0,049, respectivamente) entre os resultados obtidos com ambos os testes também foram observados. Este estudo mostrou que a PCR em tempo real a partir de suabes nasais não é adequada para o diagnóstico in vivo da tuberculose bovina; portanto, o teste da tuberculina ainda é a melhor opção para este fim.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Tuberculin Test/veterinary , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Mycobacterium avium Complex/isolation & purification , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/veterinary , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification
9.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(1): 139-144, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839347

ABSTRACT

Abstract For the definitive diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, isolation of the etiologic agent is required. However, there is no consensus on the best methodology for isolation of Mycobacterium bovis in Brazil. This study evaluated the most used decontaminants and culture media in the country, in order to identify the best combination for the Brazilian samples. Three decontaminants - 2% sodium hydroxide (w/v), 0.75% hexadecylpiridinium chloride (w/v) and 5% sulphuric acid (v/v) and four culture media - 7H11 Middlebrook with additives and OADC supplement “A” (7H11 A), the same media with another supplement trademark (7H11 B), tuberculosis blood agar (B83) and Stonebrink's medium were compared. Regarding the isolation, there were no significant differences between the decontaminants and media combinations, except 7H11A combined to any decontaminant. However, the mean colonies score was significantly greater when the samples were decontaminated with 5% sulphuric acid and inoculated in 7H11 B or SB, without significant difference between them, although colonies appeared earlier on 7H11B than on SB. The trademark of OADC supplement influenced the isolation rate and the number of isolated colonies in Middlebrook 7H11. An incubation time of four weeks was required to detect all positive samples in 7H11 B after decontamination with 5% sulphuric acid but there was an increase in the number of colonies until the sixth week of incubation. Overall, the best strategy for the primary isolation of M. bovis from Brazilian samples was the decontamination with 5% sulphuric acid (final concentration) and inoculation in Middlebrook 7H11 medium formulated with OADC supplement “B”.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Bovine/microbiology , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Bacteriological Techniques , Mycobacterium bovis/growth & development
10.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 36(6): 485-491, jun. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-792616

ABSTRACT

Em diversos países, a tuberculose bovina, causada por Mycobacterium bovis, é tanto um problema econômico quanto de saúde pública. Mundialmente, são implementados programas de erradicação da enfermidade com políticas baseadas em testes tuberculínicos e abate dos animais reativos, porém pouco se sabe sobre os custos e a efetividade das políticas de erradicação. O presente estudo avaliou a relação de custo-efetividade dos protocolos de diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina, em uma abordagem multidisciplinar, empregados em um rebanho naturalmente infectado. Após realização da análise de custo-efetividade (C/Ef) dos protocolos diagnósticos ante-mortem observou-se que o Teste Cervical Comparativo (C/Ef=4,68), quando utilizado isoladamente, é a escolha diagnóstica mais custo-efetiva para um rebanho naturalmente infectado. Para os protocolos confirmatórios de diagnóstico post-mortem a histopatologia (C/Ef=17,47) associada ao Teste Cervical Simples e Teste Cervical Comparativo foi a escolha mais custo-efetiva para os animais do rebanho estudado. Entretanto, o único protocolo eficaz em diagnosticar 100% dos animais infectados foi o uso em conjunto do teste humoral ELISA associado ao teste celular IFN.(AU)


In several countries, bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is an economic and public health problem. Worldwide disease eradication programs are implemented with policies based on tuberculin testing and slaughter of reactive animals. However, little is known about the costs and the effectiveness of the eradication policies. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of bovine tuberculosis diagnostic protocols on a multidisciplinary approach, applied in a naturally infected herd. Regarding the cost-effectiveness analysis (C/Ef) of ante-mortem diagnostic protocols, the Cervical Comparative Test (C/Ep=4.68), when used alone, is the diagnostic protocol most cost-effective for a naturally infected herd. For post-mortem confirmatory diagnostic, the histopathology (C/Ep=17.47) associated with the Cervical Simple Test and Cervical Comparative Test was the most cost-effective choice for the animals studied in this herd. However, the only diagnostic protocol that was able to identify 100% of the infected animals was the ELISA associated with the IFN test.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/veterinary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
11.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(4): 830-837, Nov. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768216

ABSTRACT

Abstract Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) remains an important economic and zoonotic problem in Latin America. Traditionally, the fight against BTB is initiated by the implementation of routine diagnostic tests for certification of free properties. The diagnosis of BTB can be made by direct and indirect methods, in which we can mention clinical, post mortem, histopathological, immunological, bacteriological and molecular methods. The renewal of scientific interest in tuberculosis in recent year has led to develop and improve methods of diagnosis, prevention, control and eradication of BTB. The aim of this review is to present and discuss different diagnosis methods of BTB.


Resumo A tuberculose bovina (BTB) continua sendo um importante problema econômico na América Latina, com potenciais consequências zoonóticas. Tradicionalmente, a luta contra a tuberculose bovina tem sido iniciada pela execução de testes de diagnóstico de rotina para a certificação de propriedades livres da doença. O diagnóstico de BTB pode ser feito através de métodos diretos e indiretos, nos quais podemos citar os métodos clínicos, post mortem, histopatológicos, imunológicos, bacteriológicos e moleculares. A renovação do interesse científico em tuberculose nos últimos anos tem levado à necessidade de desenvolver e melhorar os métodos de diagnóstico, prevenção, controle e erradicação da BTB. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e discutir sobre os diferentes métodos de diagnóstico de BTB.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis
12.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 35(2): 141-147, 02/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-748885

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo, realizou-se genotipagem de isolados de Mycobacterium bovis, provenientes de amostras de tecidos de bovinos positivos no teste cervical comparativo (TCC) para tuberculose em Mato Grosso do Sul, por meio da técnica de spoligotyping. Tecidos de 13 bovinos positivos, oriundos de diferentes municípios do estado, foram cultivados em meio de Stonebrink. As colônias resultantes foram submetidas à coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen e todos os isolados apresentaram características tintoriais de BAAR. Os 13 isolados de BAAR foram identificados por PCR multiplex (mPCR). O gene hsp65 foi alvo para identificação de Mycobacterium spp, a sequência de inserção IS6110 foi alvo para identificação de complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CMT) e a região rvd1rv2031c foi explorada para detecção de M. bovis. Os isolados micobacterianos foram genotipados pela técnica de spoligotyping. Dos 13 bovinos, sete tinham pelo menos uma lesão sugestiva de tuberculose em linfonodos retrofaríngeos, parotídeos e pulmonares ou no pulmão, e em seis não foram encontradas lesões visíveis sugestivas da doença. Na mPCR, 11/13 (84,6%) isolados foram positivos para Mycobacterium spp, 8/13 (61,5%) positivos para CMT e 7/13 (53,8%) positivos para M. bovis. Com base no spoligotyping, oito isolados de BAAR foram agrupados dentro de três diferentes agrupamentos de genótipos e uma amostra remanescente apresentou perfil único, sendo quatro isolados com padrão de espoligotipo SB0121, dois SB1145, dois SB0881 e um SB0140. A técnica de spoligotyping demonstrou que há diversidade genética entre os espoligotipos presentes no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, embora predomine o perfil SB0121.


Spoligotyping was performed in the present study to genotype Mycobacterium bovis isolates obtained from tissues of cattle that were positive in the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). Tissue samples from 13 positive cattle from different municipalities of the state were cultured using a Stonebrink medium. The resulting colonies were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining and all isolates exhibited the staining characteristics of AFB. The 13 isolates of AFB were identified by means of a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay. The hsp65 gene was targeted for the identification of Mycobacterium spp., whereas the IS6110 insertion sequence was targeted for the identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and the rvd1rv2031c region was explored for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis. The spoligotyping assay was performed to genotype mycobacterial isolates. Of the 13 cattle, seven had at least one lesion suggestive of tuberculosis in the retropharyngeal, parotid and lung lymph nodes or lung. The remaining six exhibited no lesions suggestive of the disease. In the mPCR, 11 of the 13 isolates (84.6%) were positive for Mycobacterium spp., 8/13 (61.5%) were positive for the MTC and 7/13 (53.8%) were positive for M. bovis. Based on the spoligotyping, eight isolates were grouped into three different groups of genotypes and one isolate exhibited an orphan type. Four isolates exhibited spoligotype pattern SB0121, while two isolates were associated with the pattern SB1145, another two were associated with pattern SB0881 and one was associated with pattern SB0140. Spoligotyping confirmed the genetic diversity present among isolates found in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. In addition, SB0121 was confirmed as the predominant profile.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/microbiology , Mycobacterium bovis/genetics , Intradermal Tests/veterinary , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
13.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 34(10): 957-962, out. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-730540

ABSTRACT

O teste intradérmico para o diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina utiliza derivados proteicos purificados (PPD) de Mycobacterium bovis que são capazes de induzir reações de hipersensibilidade em animais infectados. No entanto, apresenta baixa especificidade devido à ocorrência de reações cruzadas com outras micobactérias. Neste sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi produzir proteínas recombinantes (ESAT-6, PE13, PE5 e ESX-1) de Mycobacterium bovis e avaliá-las como antígenos em teste intradérmico utilizando Cavia porcellus como modelo, e verificar se as condições empregadas na purificação (nativa ou desnaturante) interferem no desempenho antigênico dessas proteínas. As proteínas foram testadas em Cavia porcellus previamente sensibilizados com cepa M. bovis AN5 inativada, individualmente (160 µg) ou combinadas na forma de um coquetel (40 µg cada). O coquetel de proteínas induziu reações de hipersensibilidade nos animais sensibilizados significativamente superiores (p=0,002) as observadas nos animais não sensibilizados, possibilitando diferenciação. No entanto, as proteínas isoladamente não foram capazes de promover essa diferenciação. As condições de solubilização e purificação influenciaram o desempenho antigênico da proteína ESAT-6, pois, quando produzida em condição desnaturante desencadeou reações inespecíficas nos animais não sensibilizados, enquanto que aquela produzida em condições nativas e aplicada em concentrações de 6, 12, 24 e 48µg induziu reações significativas apenas nos animais sensibilizados, confirmando o seu potencial como antígeno.


The intradermal skin test for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has been used the purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium bovis, that is able to induce a hypersensitivity reaction in infected animals. However, shows low specificity due to the occurrence of cross reactions with other mycobacteria. Thus, the aim of this study was to produce recombinant proteins (ESAT-6, PE13, PE5 and ESX-1) of Mycobacterium bovis and assess them as antigens in skin test using guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) as a model, and check if the conditions employed in the purification (native or denaturing condition) interfere in the antigenic performance of these proteins. The proteins were tested in guinea pigs previously sensitized with inactivated M. bovis strain AN5, individually (160 µg/µl), or as a mixed cocktail (40 µg each). The cocktail of proteins induced hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized animals significantly (p=0.002) higher than those observed in non-sensitized animals, allowing differentiation. On the other hand, the proteins individually were not able to promote this differentiation. The conditions of solubilization and purification influenced the antigenic performance of the protein ESAT-6, since, when produced in denaturing condition triggered nonspecific reaction in non-sensitized animals. Whereas when produced under native conditions and used at concentrations (6, 12, 24 and 48µg/µl) induced a significant response only in sensitized animals, confirming its potential as antigen.


Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs/immunology , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Recombinant Proteins , Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification , Intradermal Tests , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Models, Animal , Intradermal Tests/veterinary
14.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 45(2): 633-640, Apr.-June 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723128

ABSTRACT

Post-mortem bacterial culture and specific biochemical tests are currently performed to characterize the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis. Cultures take up to 90 days to develop. A diagnosis by molecular tests such as PCR can provide fast and reliable results while significantly decreasing the time of confirmation. In the present study, a nested-PCR system, targeting rv2807, with conventional PCR followed by real-time PCR, was developed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) organisms directly from bovine and bubaline tissue homogenates. The sensitivity and specificity of the reactions were assessed with DNA samples extracted from tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, as well as other Actinomycetales species and DNA samples extracted directly from bovine and bubaline tissue homogenates. Regarding the analytical sensitivity, DNA of the M. bovis AN5 strain was detected up to 1.5 pg by nested-PCR, whereas DNA of M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was detected up to 6.1 pg. The nested-PCR system showed 100% analytical specificity for MTC when tested with DNA of reference strains of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and closely-related Actinomycetales. A clinical sensitivity level of 76.7% was detected with tissues samples positive for MTC by means of the culture and conventional PCR. A clinical specificity of 100% was detected with DNA from tissue samples of cattle with negative results in the comparative intradermal tuberculin test. These cattle exhibited no visible lesions and were negative in the culture for MTC. The use of the nested-PCR assay to detect M. tuberculosis complex in tissue homogenates provided a rapid diagnosis of bovine and bubaline tuberculosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Pathology, Molecular/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Veterinary Medicine/methods , Buffaloes , Mycobacterium bovis/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors , Tuberculosis, Bovine/microbiology
15.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 34(3): 241-243, mar. 2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709872

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis aims to identify the immune response against mycobacterial antigens. Although Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin test (SICCT) is broadly used for first identification of the disease, the performance of ELISAs has been investigated for diagnosis improvement. The present study expected to find out the influence of intradermal skin tests on the results of ELISAs using the recombinant proteins MPB70 and MPB83 as antigens on cows from a naturally infected herd. Results were analyzed by the F-test, Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests Although comparable to both proteins, results showed that positive animals presented a tendency of augment reactivity to MPB70, representing a tendency for a booster effect, but not to MPB83.


O diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina baseia-se na identificação da resposta imune do animal frente aos antígenos de Mycobacterium bovis. Embora o teste intradérmico comparativo cervical seja o mais empregado como primeiro teste diagnóstico, outras técnicas, como ELISA, tem sido investigadas para aumentar a detecção de animais infectados. O presente estudo analisou se os testes intradérmicos influenciariam os resultados de ELISAs que utilizaram as proteínas MPB70 e MPB83 como antígenos de captura em um rebanho naturalmente infectado. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de testes estatísticos de comparação e correlação de resultados: teste-F, Mann-Whitney e Friedman. O desempenho de ambos os ELISAs foi comparável; no entanto, os resultados demonstraram que entre os animais positivos, houve um aumento de reatividade ao MPB70, dado este que não foi observado junto ao ELISA-MPB83.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Antigens, Bacterial , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Intradermal Tests/veterinary , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/veterinary
16.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 45(1): 225-230, 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709456

ABSTRACT

The initial growth of mycobacteria from 49 samples of cattle and buffalo organs collected in commercial slaughterhouses was compared between modified Middlebrook 7H11 thin layer microcolony culture and Stonebrink medium used in the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis. Aliquots were decontaminated by Petroff's method, processed and cultured in both media. The identity of the acid-fast bacilli stained by Ziehl-Neelsen was confirmed by PCR. Optical microscopy showed that results of the early observation of Mycobacterium bovis colonies in thin layer culture were similar to those obtained in macroscopic observation of the colonies in Stonebrink medium. However, early observation of the colonies enabled early confirmation by PCR, given the shorter time to the visualization of colonies when thin layer culture was used (between the 12nd and 25th day of culture).


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Meat/microbiology , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Abattoirs , Microscopy , Staining and Labeling , Time Factors
17.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 259-265, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-104589

ABSTRACT

The interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assay is employed as a complementary diagnostic test for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in many countries. To simplify this assay, we established a 96-well plate format using the ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens and then employed it to determine the extent of Mycobacterium (M.) bovis infection in dairy herds with a history of BTB outbreaks in a country where only selective culling is practiced. The sensitivity and specificity of this IFN-gamma assay were 85.9% and 100%, respectively, based on comparison with the conventional single intradermal tuberculin test (SIDT). The IFN-gamma assay was also positive in 30.4% and 36.8% of SIDT-negative animals from herds with recent and remote BTB outbreaks, respectively. Of 14 SIDT-negative, IFN-gamma positive cattle, five (35.7%) were culture positive and an additional six were positive based on a polymerase chain reaction-based test for M. bovis. Therefore, the IFN-gamma assay has the potential to serve as a specific and sensitive test for M. bovis infection in dairy cattle. Further, the results indicated that a substantial portion of SIDT-negative animals in herds with previous BTB outbreaks were actually infected with M. bovis. Accordingly, the present selective-culling strategy may require modifications to include this more sensitive assay.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Female , Antigens, Bacterial , Bacterial Proteins , Interferon-gamma Release Tests/veterinary , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis
18.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(1): 15-20, Jan. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-668086

ABSTRACT

A herd infected naturally with tuberculosis was investigated by different diagnostic methods. Ninety days after a screening test that identified 21 cows as skin test positive, a Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test (CITT) was performed in those 21 cows and in 29 other randomly selected skin test negative cows. Milk samples and nasal swabs were collected prior to the CITT for bacteriological culture and PCR, while blood samples were collected for IFN release and antibody responses to MPB70 and MPB83, at three time points post tuberculin injection. Animals positive by CITT were slaughtered and disease confirmation undertaken. Based on the Kappa test, IFN was comparable to the standard tests (culture, PCR and CITT) at all three sampling points. Results from both antibody ELISAs were similar but were not comparable to the standard tests. T-test analysis of the CITT, IFN and ELISAs demonstrated that their performances were not correlated. There is increasing recognition that individually, available diagnostic tests do not detect all infected cattle. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy for the diagnosis of bovine TB should include test results for the detection of both cellular and humoral immune responses where there may be animals at different stages of infection.


Um rebanho bovino naturalmente infectado por tuberculose foi analisado através de diferentes métodos diagnósticos. Um teste intradérmico simples (TIC) identificou 21 animais como positivos. Após 90 dias deste resultado, um teste intradérmico comparativo (TIC) foi aplicado nos 21 animais positivos ao TIS, além de outros 29 animais com resultados prévios negativos escolhidos aleatoriamente. De todos estes animais (50), foram coletadas amostras de leite e secreção nasal para isolamento e identificação de microrganismos por cultura e PCR; amostras de sangue de cada um dos animais foram coletadas para exames de ELISA: produção de Interferon-gama (IFN) e pesquisa de anticorpos frente aos antígenos MPB70 e MPB83. Tais amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas em três diferentes momentos: no dia da execução do TIC e nos dias dia 7 e dia 21 após a execução do TIC. Os animais que foram positivos a este teste foram abatidos; exames de identificação do agente, tais como cultivo e PCR foram realizados post-mortem para confirmação da doença. Baseado na análise Kappa, IFN apresentou resultados estatisticamente comparáveis aos resultados de isolamento e identificação bacteriana por cultura e PCR, além do TIC ao longo de todo o experimento. No entanto, TIC, ELISA e IFN não foram estatisticamente comparáveis. Tais resultados sugeriram que nenhum dos atuais métodos de diagnóstico para tuberculose possibilitou a identificação de todos os animais infectados. Por este motivo, uma estratégia mais abrangente deveria incluir métodos de diagnóstico que pudessem identificar a resposta imune celular e humoral, uma vez que animais de um mesmo rebanho poderiam se encontrar em diferentes estágios da infecção.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Tuberculin Test/veterinary , Intradermal Tests/veterinary , Interferon-gamma Release Tests/veterinary , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Diagnostic Errors/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/veterinary
19.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 32(11): 1138-1144, Nov. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-658083

ABSTRACT

O objetivo foi utilizar métodos complementares de diagnóstico (histopatológicos, bacteriológicos e moleculares), no julgamento de lesões suspeitas de tuberculose observadas durante a inspeção post mortem de rotina em abatedouros. Foi acompanhado o abate e a inspeção de 41.193 bovinos, sadios ao exame ante mortem, em sete abatedouros no estado de Mato Grosso. Carcaças de 198 (0,48%) animais apresentaram lesões, sendo 182 (92,0%) classificadas como granulomatosas ou piogranulomatosas na avaliação histopatológica. Entretanto, na baciloscopia, não foi evidenciada a presença de bacilo álcool-ácido resistente (BAAR). Mycobacterium bovis foi isolado em três (1,5%) lesões, provenientes de linfonodos retrofaringeanos de bovinos com até três anos de idade. Quando usado a PCR múltipla (m-PCR) diretamente nos fragmentos de tecido, detectou-se a presença de DNA de M. bovis em 14 (7,0%) lesões, incluindo as três amostras identificadas na análise bacteriológica. O julgamento das lesões pelo exame macroscópico concordou em 93,0% (184/198) com os resultados obtidos por meio da PCR. A fim de evitar equívocos durante a avaliação, principalmente das lesões paucibacilares, como as encontradas neste estudo, recomenda-se a utilização de testes complementares rápidos e confirmatórios. A m-PCR, associada à inspeção post mortem de rotina, demonstrou ser uma técnica promissora para a vigilância da tuberculose bovina em abatedouros, contribuindo para o sucesso do programa de erradicação da tuberculose bovina.


The aim of this study was used diagnostic methods (histopathological, bacteriological and molecular) in the trial of suspected tuberculosis lesions observed during routine post mortem inspection in abattoirs. A total of of 41,193 cattle, which appeared healthy in ante mortem examination, slaughtered in seven abattoirs in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil were examined. The carcasses of 198 (0.48%) animals showed lesions, of which 182 (91.9%) were classified as granulomatous or pyogranulomatous by histopathological analysis. However, at bacilloscopy, the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was not detected. Mycobacterium bovis was recovered from 3 (1.5%) samples, all from retropharyngeal lymph nodes in cattle up to three years old. When multiplex PCR (m-PCR) was performed directly on fragments of injured tissue, M. bovis DNA was detected in 14 (7.0%) samples including the same 3 bacteriologically positive samples. Evaluation of lesions by macroscopic analysis agreed 93% (184/198) with bacteriological culturing and the molecular test. To avoid misinterpretation during the examination, mainly of paucibacillary lesions such as those found in the samples analyzed, the use of rapid and unequivocal complementary tests such as mPCR is recommended. Molecular diagnosis, combined with routine post mortem inspection, proved to be a promising technique to improve the surveillance of TB in abattoirs, contributing to the success of the bovine tuberculosis eradication program.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Autopsy/veterinary , Bacteriological Techniques , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Wounds and Injuries/physiopathology , Wounds and Injuries/veterinary , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/veterinary
20.
Rev. patol. trop ; 41(2): 155-162, abr.-jun. 2012. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653352

ABSTRACT

A tuberculose bovina é uma importante enfermidade causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium bovis. Testes de tuberculinização intradérmica e abate de animais infectados levaram à redução da incidência da tuberculose bovina em muitos países. Entretanto, são necessários métodos maispráticos e eficientes com maior sensibilidade e especificidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foidesenvolver um teste imunoenzimático (ELISA), utilizando as proteínas recombinantes MPB70 e p27 de M. bovis, que possibilitasse detectar anticorpos contra esta bactéria em bovinos. A sensibilidade e especificidade observadas foram, respectivamente, de 88,7por cento e 94,6por cento para o ELISA-MPB70 e de 98,1por cento e 91,9por cento para o ELISA-p27. O uso de testes sorológicos, como o ELISA com MPB70 e p27 recombinantes, juntamente com testes celulares, pode resolver algunsproblemas relacionados ao diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina tais como os resultados inconclusivos e a ausência de detecção de animais anérgicos em estágios avançados da infecção.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mycobacterium bovis , Recombinant Proteins , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Bovine/epidemiology , Serologic Tests
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